The Yogyakarta Principles on the Application of International Human Rights Law in relation to Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity is a set of international principles relating to sexual orientation and gender identity, intended to address documented evidence of abuse of rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual, andtransgender (LGBT) people, and further of intersexuality, requested by Louise Arbour according to the International human rights law. The outline of the Principles was drawn at a meeting of International Commission of Jurists and human rights experts from around the world at Gadjah Mada University on Java from 6 to 9 November in 2006.
"It contains 29 Principles adopted unanimously by the experts, along with recommendations to governments, regional intergovernmental institutions, civil society, and the UN itself". The principles are named after Yogyakarta, the smallest province of Indonesia (excluding Jakarta) located on the island of Java.
Among 29 signatories of the principles, there are Mary Robinson, Manfred Nowak, Martin Scheinin, Elizabeth Evatt, Philip Alston, Edwin Cameron, Asma Jahangir,Paul Hunt, Sanji Mmasenono Monageng, Sunil Babu Pant, Stephen Whittle and Wan Yanhai. The principles are intended to be and have become a universal guide to human rights.
In alignment with the movement towards establishing basic human rights for all people, the Principles specifically address sexual orientation and gender identity. The Principles were developed in response to patterns of abuse reported from around the world. These included examples of rape, torture, extrajudicial executions,medical abuse, denial of free speech and assembly as well as a range of discriminations in work, health, education, housing, access to justice and immigration. These are estimated to affect millions of people targeted on the basis of perceived or actual sexual orientation or gender identity.
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